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\ihead{CCNA v7.0 Enterprise Networking, Security, and Automation}
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\ohead{kohnlehome.de/cisco/CCNA-3-07.pdf}
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\ifoot{Franz Kohnle}
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\begin{document}

% Überschrift 
\begin{center}
    \LARGE % Schriftgröße
    \bfseries % Fettdruck
    \sffamily % Serifenlose Schrift
    7 WAN Concepts
\end{center}

\section*{7.1 Purpose of WANs}
\begin{itemize}
    \item LAN: hohe Bandbreite, eigene Hardware, Endgeräte
    \item WAN: kleine Bandbreite, gemietete Dienste, verbindet LANs
          \begin{itemize}
              \item Private WAN für einen Kunden: Guaranteed service level
              \item Public WAN: vom Provider
          \end{itemize}
    \item WAN-Topologies
          \begin{itemize}
              \item point-to-point
              \item hub-and-spoke
              \item dual-homed: 2 home-router
              \item fully meshed
              \item partially meshed
              \item Single-carrier
              \item Dual-carrier: 2 ISPs
          \end{itemize}
    \item Evolving Networks
          \begin{itemize}
              \item Small Network
              \item Campus Network
              \item Branch Network
              \item Distributed Network
          \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

\section*{7.2 WAN Operations}
\begin{itemize}
    \item WAN-Standards
          \begin{itemize}
              \item TIA/EIA
              \item ISO
              \item IEEE
              \item Layer1: SDH, SONET, DWDM
              \item Layer2: Broadband (DSL, Cable), Wireless, Ethernet WAN, MPLS, PPP, HDLC, Frame Relay, ATM
          \end{itemize}
    \item WAN Terminology
          \begin{itemize}
              \item Subscriber
              \item Provider
              \item DTE
              \item DCE
              \item CPE
              \item POP
              \item Demarcation Point
              \item Local Loop (or last mile)
              \item Central Office (CO)
              \item Toll network
              \item Backhaul network
              \item Backbone network
          \end{itemize}
    \item WAN Devices
          \begin{itemize}
              \item Modem (Voice, DSL, Cable)
              \item CSU/DSU
              \item Optical Converter
              \item WAN Core devices
          \end{itemize}
    \item Serial communication
          \begin{itemize}
              \item 1 Bit nach dem anderen, da parallele Übertragung über lange Strecken schwierig
              \item Circuit Switched: establish a dedicated circuit (Telefon)
              \item Packet Switched: Metro Ethernet, MPLS, Frame Relay, ATM
              \item SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy): fiber-optic
              \item SONET (Synchronous Optical Networking): Wie SDH, nur in Nordamerika
              \item Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
          \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

\section*{7.3 Traditional WAN Connectivity}
\begin{itemize}
    \item Dedicated: Leased Line: T1/T3, E1/E3
          \begin{itemize}
              \item Switched
              \item Circuit-Switched: PSTN, ISDN
              \item Packet-Switched: Frame Relay, ATM
          \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

\section*{7.4 Modern WAN Connectivity}
\begin{itemize}
    \item Dedicated: Broadband: Dark Fiber
    \item Switched: Packet-Switched: Ethernet WAN, MPLS

    \item Internet Based: Broadband VPN:
          \begin{itemize}
              \item Wired: xDSL, Cable, Optical Fiber
              \item Wireless: Municipal-Wifi, Cellular, Satellite Internet, WiMAX
          \end{itemize}
    \item Ethernet WAN (Metro E, EoMPLS, VPLS)
          \begin{itemize}
              \item IEEE 1000BASE-LX (5 km)
              \item IEEE 1000BASE-ZX (70 km)
          \end{itemize}
    \item MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching)
          \begin{itemize}
              \item WAN routing technology
              \item customer edge (CE) router
              \item provider edge (PE) router
              \item label switched routers (LSRs): Label für route im Frame-Header
          \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

\section*{7.5 Internet-Based Connectivity}
\begin{itemize}
    \item Internet Based: Broadband VPN:
          \begin{itemize}
              \item Wired: xDSL, Cable, Optical Fiber
              \item Wireless: Municipal-Wifi, Cellular, Satellite Internet, WiMAX
          \end{itemize}
    \item DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
          \begin{itemize}
              \item Twisted-pair-telephone lines
              \item ADSL (Asymmetric DSL): downstream $>$ upstream
              \item SDSL (Symmetric DSL): downstream = upstream
              \item Router - (PPPoE) - DSL-Modem - Telephone Line (PPP) - DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer) - ...
          \end{itemize}
    \item Cable
          \begin{itemize}
              \item Router -  Cable-Modem - Coaxial-line - Optival-Node - Fiber - CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)
          \end{itemize}
    \item Optical Fiber: Fiber to the x (FTTx)
          \begin{itemize}
              \item Fiber to the Home (FTTH)
              \item Fiber to the Building (FTTB)
              \item Fiber to the Node/Neighborhood (FTTN)
          \end{itemize}
    \item Wireless Internet-Based Broadband
          \begin{itemize}
              \item Municipal Wi-Fi
              \item Cellular
              \item Satellite Internet
              \item WiMAX
          \end{itemize}
    \item VPN
          \begin{itemize}
              \item Site-to-site VPN
              \item Remote Access
          \end{itemize}
    \item ISP Connectivity Options
          \begin{itemize}
              \item Single-homed: 1 ISP, 1 link
              \item Dual-homed: 1 ISP, 2 links
              \item Multihomed: 2 ISPs, jeweils 1 link
              \item Dual-multihomed: 2 ISPs, jeweils 2 links
          \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}




\end{document}
